Bad Beliefs: Why They Happen to Good People

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  • Notice: unserialize(): Error at offset 5863 of 11211 bytes in variable_initialize() (line 1255 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/includes/bootstrap.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$bundle is deprecated in EntityAPIController->load() (line 256 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/sites/all/modules/contrib/entity/includes/entity.controller.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_content is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 696 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_title is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 696 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_margin_bottom is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 696 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_margin_top is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 696 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_widget_width is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 696 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_enable_widget_bg_color is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 696 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_title_text_colour is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 696 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_widget_background_colour is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 696 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_wysiwyg_style is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 696 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_enforce_acc_bg_color is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 696 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$_drafty_revision_requested is deprecated in drafty_field_attach_load() (line 234 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/sites/all/modules/custom/drafty/drafty.module).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$rdf_mapping is deprecated in rdf_entity_load() (line 412 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/rdf/rdf.module).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$_field_view_prepared is deprecated in field_attach_prepare_view() (line 1154 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$entity_view_prepared is deprecated in entity_prepare_view() (line 8296 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/includes/common.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$content is deprecated in EntityAPIController->buildContent() (line 587 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/sites/all/modules/contrib/entity/includes/entity.controller.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$bundle is deprecated in EntityAPIController->load() (line 256 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/sites/all/modules/contrib/entity/includes/entity.controller.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_content is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 696 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_title is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 696 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_margin_bottom is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 696 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_margin_top is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 696 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_widget_width is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 696 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_enable_widget_bg_color is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 696 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_title_text_colour is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 696 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_widget_background_colour is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 696 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_wysiwyg_style is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 696 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_enforce_acc_bg_color is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 696 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$_drafty_revision_requested is deprecated in drafty_field_attach_load() (line 234 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/sites/all/modules/custom/drafty/drafty.module).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$rdf_mapping is deprecated in rdf_entity_load() (line 412 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/rdf/rdf.module).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$bundle is deprecated in EntityAPIController->load() (line 256 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/sites/all/modules/contrib/entity/includes/entity.controller.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_content is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_title is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_margin_bottom is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_margin_top is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_widget_width is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_enable_widget_bg_color is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_title_text_colour is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_widget_background_colour is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_wysiwyg_style is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_enforce_acc_bg_color is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$rdf_mapping is deprecated in rdf_entity_load() (line 412 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/rdf/rdf.module).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$_field_view_prepared is deprecated in field_attach_prepare_view() (line 1154 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$entity_view_prepared is deprecated in entity_prepare_view() (line 8296 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/includes/common.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$content is deprecated in EntityAPIController->buildContent() (line 587 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/sites/all/modules/contrib/entity/includes/entity.controller.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$bundle is deprecated in EntityAPIController->load() (line 256 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/sites/all/modules/contrib/entity/includes/entity.controller.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_content is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 696 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_title is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 696 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_margin_bottom is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 696 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_margin_top is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 696 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_widget_width is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 696 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_enable_widget_bg_color is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 696 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_title_text_colour is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 696 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_widget_background_colour is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 696 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_wysiwyg_style is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 696 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_enforce_acc_bg_color is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 696 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$_drafty_revision_requested is deprecated in drafty_field_attach_load() (line 234 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/sites/all/modules/custom/drafty/drafty.module).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$rdf_mapping is deprecated in rdf_entity_load() (line 412 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/rdf/rdf.module).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$bundle is deprecated in EntityAPIController->load() (line 256 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/sites/all/modules/contrib/entity/includes/entity.controller.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_content is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_title is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_margin_bottom is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_margin_top is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_widget_width is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_enable_widget_bg_color is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_title_text_colour is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_widget_background_colour is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_wysiwyg_style is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_enforce_acc_bg_color is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$rdf_mapping is deprecated in rdf_entity_load() (line 412 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/rdf/rdf.module).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$_field_view_prepared is deprecated in field_attach_prepare_view() (line 1154 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$entity_view_prepared is deprecated in entity_prepare_view() (line 8296 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/includes/common.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$content is deprecated in EntityAPIController->buildContent() (line 587 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/sites/all/modules/contrib/entity/includes/entity.controller.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$bundle is deprecated in EntityAPIController->load() (line 256 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/sites/all/modules/contrib/entity/includes/entity.controller.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_content is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_title is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_margin_bottom is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_margin_top is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_widget_width is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_enable_widget_bg_color is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_title_text_colour is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_widget_background_colour is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_wysiwyg_style is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_enforce_acc_bg_color is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$rdf_mapping is deprecated in rdf_entity_load() (line 412 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/rdf/rdf.module).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$_field_view_prepared is deprecated in field_attach_prepare_view() (line 1154 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$entity_view_prepared is deprecated in entity_prepare_view() (line 8296 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/includes/common.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$content is deprecated in EntityAPIController->buildContent() (line 587 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/sites/all/modules/contrib/entity/includes/entity.controller.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$bundle is deprecated in EntityAPIController->load() (line 256 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/sites/all/modules/contrib/entity/includes/entity.controller.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_title is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_full_width is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_margin_bottom is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_margin_top is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_social_links is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$rdf_mapping is deprecated in rdf_entity_load() (line 412 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/rdf/rdf.module).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$_field_view_prepared is deprecated in field_attach_prepare_view() (line 1154 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$entity_view_prepared is deprecated in entity_prepare_view() (line 8296 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/includes/common.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$content is deprecated in EntityAPIController->buildContent() (line 587 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/sites/all/modules/contrib/entity/includes/entity.controller.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$bundle is deprecated in EntityAPIController->load() (line 256 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/sites/all/modules/contrib/entity/includes/entity.controller.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_font_awesome_class is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_link is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$rdf_mapping is deprecated in rdf_entity_load() (line 412 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/rdf/rdf.module).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$_field_view_prepared is deprecated in field_attach_prepare_view() (line 1154 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$entity_view_prepared is deprecated in entity_prepare_view() (line 8296 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/includes/common.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$content is deprecated in EntityAPIController->buildContent() (line 587 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/sites/all/modules/contrib/entity/includes/entity.controller.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$bundle is deprecated in EntityAPIController->load() (line 256 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/sites/all/modules/contrib/entity/includes/entity.controller.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_font_awesome_class is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_link is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$rdf_mapping is deprecated in rdf_entity_load() (line 412 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/rdf/rdf.module).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$_field_view_prepared is deprecated in field_attach_prepare_view() (line 1154 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$entity_view_prepared is deprecated in entity_prepare_view() (line 8296 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/includes/common.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$content is deprecated in EntityAPIController->buildContent() (line 587 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/sites/all/modules/contrib/entity/includes/entity.controller.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$bundle is deprecated in EntityAPIController->load() (line 256 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/sites/all/modules/contrib/entity/includes/entity.controller.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_font_awesome_class is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_link is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$rdf_mapping is deprecated in rdf_entity_load() (line 412 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/rdf/rdf.module).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$_field_view_prepared is deprecated in field_attach_prepare_view() (line 1154 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$entity_view_prepared is deprecated in entity_prepare_view() (line 8296 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/includes/common.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$content is deprecated in EntityAPIController->buildContent() (line 587 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/sites/all/modules/contrib/entity/includes/entity.controller.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$bundle is deprecated in EntityAPIController->load() (line 256 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/sites/all/modules/contrib/entity/includes/entity.controller.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_font_awesome_class is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_link is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$rdf_mapping is deprecated in rdf_entity_load() (line 412 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/rdf/rdf.module).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$_field_view_prepared is deprecated in field_attach_prepare_view() (line 1154 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$entity_view_prepared is deprecated in entity_prepare_view() (line 8296 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/includes/common.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$content is deprecated in EntityAPIController->buildContent() (line 587 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/sites/all/modules/contrib/entity/includes/entity.controller.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$bundle is deprecated in EntityAPIController->load() (line 256 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/sites/all/modules/contrib/entity/includes/entity.controller.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_font_awesome_class is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_link is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$rdf_mapping is deprecated in rdf_entity_load() (line 412 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/rdf/rdf.module).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$_field_view_prepared is deprecated in field_attach_prepare_view() (line 1154 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$entity_view_prepared is deprecated in entity_prepare_view() (line 8296 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/includes/common.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$content is deprecated in EntityAPIController->buildContent() (line 587 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/sites/all/modules/contrib/entity/includes/entity.controller.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$bundle is deprecated in EntityAPIController->load() (line 256 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/sites/all/modules/contrib/entity/includes/entity.controller.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_font_awesome_class is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_link is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$rdf_mapping is deprecated in rdf_entity_load() (line 412 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/rdf/rdf.module).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$_field_view_prepared is deprecated in field_attach_prepare_view() (line 1154 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$entity_view_prepared is deprecated in entity_prepare_view() (line 8296 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/includes/common.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$content is deprecated in EntityAPIController->buildContent() (line 587 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/sites/all/modules/contrib/entity/includes/entity.controller.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$bundle is deprecated in EntityAPIController->load() (line 256 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/sites/all/modules/contrib/entity/includes/entity.controller.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_content is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_title is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_margin_bottom is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_margin_top is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_widget_width is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_enable_widget_bg_color is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_title_text_colour is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_widget_background_colour is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_wysiwyg_style is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_enforce_acc_bg_color is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$rdf_mapping is deprecated in rdf_entity_load() (line 412 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/rdf/rdf.module).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$_field_view_prepared is deprecated in field_attach_prepare_view() (line 1154 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$entity_view_prepared is deprecated in entity_prepare_view() (line 8296 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/includes/common.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$content is deprecated in EntityAPIController->buildContent() (line 587 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/sites/all/modules/contrib/entity/includes/entity.controller.inc).
book cover bad beliefs

Oxford University Press

Bad Beliefs: Why They Happen to Good People, by Neil Levy

- Argues that ordinary people are much more rational than is commonly thought

- Offers a new interpretation of well-known psychological findings purportedly demonstrating irrationality

- Argues that the focus for improving beliefs should be on the epistemic environment, not on how well individuals reason

Bad beliefs - beliefs that blatantly conflict with easily available evidence - are common. Large minorities of people hold that vaccines are dangerous or accept bizarre conspiracy theories, for instance. The prevalence of bad beliefs may be politically and socially important, for instance blocking effective action on climate change. Explaining why people accept bad beliefs and what can be done to make them more responsive to evidence is therefore an important project.

A common view is that bad beliefs are largely explained by widespread irrationality. This book argues that ordinary people are rational agents, and their beliefs are the result of their rational response to the evidence they're presented with. We thought they were responding badly to evidence, because we focused on the first-order evidence alone: the evidence that directly bears on the truth of claims. We neglected the higher-order evidence, in particular evidence about who can be trusted and what sources are reliable. Once we recognize how ubiquitous higher-order evidence is, we can see that belief formation is by and large rational.

The book argues that we should tackle bad belief by focusing as much on the higher-order evidence as the first-order evidence. The epistemic environment gives us higher-order evidence for beliefs, and we need to carefully manage that environment. The book argues that such management need not be paternalistic: once we recognize that managing the epistemic environment consists in management of evidence, we should recognize that such management is respectful of epistemic autonomy.

This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 

Free download: https://fdslive.oup.com/www.oup.com/academic/pdf/openaccess/9780192895325.pdf

Published 31 December 2021. Visit OUP website for further details.  ISBN: 9780192895325