Pandemic Ethics: From COVID-19 to Disease X

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  • Notice: unserialize(): Error at offset 5863 of 11211 bytes in variable_initialize() (line 1255 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/includes/bootstrap.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$bundle is deprecated in EntityAPIController->load() (line 256 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/sites/all/modules/contrib/entity/includes/entity.controller.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_content is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_title is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_margin_bottom is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_margin_top is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_widget_width is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_enable_widget_bg_color is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_title_text_colour is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_widget_background_colour is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_wysiwyg_style is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_enforce_acc_bg_color is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$rdf_mapping is deprecated in rdf_entity_load() (line 412 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/rdf/rdf.module).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$_field_view_prepared is deprecated in field_attach_prepare_view() (line 1154 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$entity_view_prepared is deprecated in entity_prepare_view() (line 8296 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/includes/common.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$content is deprecated in EntityAPIController->buildContent() (line 587 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/sites/all/modules/contrib/entity/includes/entity.controller.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$bundle is deprecated in EntityAPIController->load() (line 256 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/sites/all/modules/contrib/entity/includes/entity.controller.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_content is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_title is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_margin_bottom is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_margin_top is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_widget_width is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_enable_widget_bg_color is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_title_text_colour is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_widget_background_colour is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_wysiwyg_style is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_enforce_acc_bg_color is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$rdf_mapping is deprecated in rdf_entity_load() (line 412 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/rdf/rdf.module).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$_field_view_prepared is deprecated in field_attach_prepare_view() (line 1154 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$entity_view_prepared is deprecated in entity_prepare_view() (line 8296 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/includes/common.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$content is deprecated in EntityAPIController->buildContent() (line 587 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/sites/all/modules/contrib/entity/includes/entity.controller.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$bundle is deprecated in EntityAPIController->load() (line 256 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/sites/all/modules/contrib/entity/includes/entity.controller.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_content is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_title is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_margin_bottom is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_margin_top is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_widget_width is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_enable_widget_bg_color is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_title_text_colour is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_widget_background_colour is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_wysiwyg_style is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_enforce_acc_bg_color is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$rdf_mapping is deprecated in rdf_entity_load() (line 412 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/rdf/rdf.module).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$_field_view_prepared is deprecated in field_attach_prepare_view() (line 1154 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$entity_view_prepared is deprecated in entity_prepare_view() (line 8296 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/includes/common.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$content is deprecated in EntityAPIController->buildContent() (line 587 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/sites/all/modules/contrib/entity/includes/entity.controller.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$bundle is deprecated in EntityAPIController->load() (line 256 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/sites/all/modules/contrib/entity/includes/entity.controller.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_content is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 696 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_title is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 696 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_margin_bottom is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 696 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_margin_top is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 696 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_widget_width is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 696 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_enable_widget_bg_color is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 696 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_title_text_colour is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 696 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_widget_background_colour is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 696 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_wysiwyg_style is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 696 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_enforce_acc_bg_color is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 696 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$_drafty_revision_requested is deprecated in drafty_field_attach_load() (line 234 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/sites/all/modules/custom/drafty/drafty.module).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$rdf_mapping is deprecated in rdf_entity_load() (line 412 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/rdf/rdf.module).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$bundle is deprecated in EntityAPIController->load() (line 256 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/sites/all/modules/contrib/entity/includes/entity.controller.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_content is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 696 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_title is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 696 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_margin_bottom is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 696 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_margin_top is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 696 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_widget_width is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 696 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_enable_widget_bg_color is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 696 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_title_text_colour is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 696 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_widget_background_colour is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 696 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_wysiwyg_style is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 696 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_enforce_acc_bg_color is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 696 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$_drafty_revision_requested is deprecated in drafty_field_attach_load() (line 234 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/sites/all/modules/custom/drafty/drafty.module).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$rdf_mapping is deprecated in rdf_entity_load() (line 412 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/rdf/rdf.module).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$bundle is deprecated in EntityAPIController->load() (line 256 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/sites/all/modules/contrib/entity/includes/entity.controller.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_content is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 696 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_title is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 696 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_margin_bottom is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 696 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_margin_top is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 696 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_widget_width is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 696 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_enable_widget_bg_color is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 696 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_title_text_colour is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 696 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_widget_background_colour is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 696 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_wysiwyg_style is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 696 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_enforce_acc_bg_color is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 696 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$_drafty_revision_requested is deprecated in drafty_field_attach_load() (line 234 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/sites/all/modules/custom/drafty/drafty.module).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$rdf_mapping is deprecated in rdf_entity_load() (line 412 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/rdf/rdf.module).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$bundle is deprecated in EntityAPIController->load() (line 256 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/sites/all/modules/contrib/entity/includes/entity.controller.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_content is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_title is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_margin_bottom is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_margin_top is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_widget_width is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_enable_widget_bg_color is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_title_text_colour is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_widget_background_colour is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_wysiwyg_style is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_enforce_acc_bg_color is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$rdf_mapping is deprecated in rdf_entity_load() (line 412 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/rdf/rdf.module).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$_field_view_prepared is deprecated in field_attach_prepare_view() (line 1154 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$entity_view_prepared is deprecated in entity_prepare_view() (line 8296 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/includes/common.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$content is deprecated in EntityAPIController->buildContent() (line 587 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/sites/all/modules/contrib/entity/includes/entity.controller.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$bundle is deprecated in EntityAPIController->load() (line 256 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/sites/all/modules/contrib/entity/includes/entity.controller.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_content is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 696 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_title is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 696 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_margin_bottom is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 696 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_margin_top is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 696 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_widget_width is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 696 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_enable_widget_bg_color is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 696 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_title_text_colour is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 696 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_widget_background_colour is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 696 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_wysiwyg_style is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 696 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_enforce_acc_bg_color is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 696 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$_drafty_revision_requested is deprecated in drafty_field_attach_load() (line 234 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/sites/all/modules/custom/drafty/drafty.module).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$rdf_mapping is deprecated in rdf_entity_load() (line 412 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/rdf/rdf.module).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$bundle is deprecated in EntityAPIController->load() (line 256 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/sites/all/modules/contrib/entity/includes/entity.controller.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_content is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_title is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_margin_bottom is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_margin_top is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_widget_width is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_enable_widget_bg_color is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_title_text_colour is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_widget_background_colour is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_wysiwyg_style is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_enforce_acc_bg_color is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$rdf_mapping is deprecated in rdf_entity_load() (line 412 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/rdf/rdf.module).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$_field_view_prepared is deprecated in field_attach_prepare_view() (line 1154 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$entity_view_prepared is deprecated in entity_prepare_view() (line 8296 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/includes/common.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$content is deprecated in EntityAPIController->buildContent() (line 587 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/sites/all/modules/contrib/entity/includes/entity.controller.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$bundle is deprecated in EntityAPIController->load() (line 256 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/sites/all/modules/contrib/entity/includes/entity.controller.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_content is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_title is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_margin_bottom is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_margin_top is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_widget_width is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_enable_widget_bg_color is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_title_text_colour is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_widget_background_colour is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_wysiwyg_style is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_enforce_acc_bg_color is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$rdf_mapping is deprecated in rdf_entity_load() (line 412 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/rdf/rdf.module).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$_field_view_prepared is deprecated in field_attach_prepare_view() (line 1154 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$entity_view_prepared is deprecated in entity_prepare_view() (line 8296 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/includes/common.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$content is deprecated in EntityAPIController->buildContent() (line 587 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/sites/all/modules/contrib/entity/includes/entity.controller.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$bundle is deprecated in EntityAPIController->load() (line 256 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/sites/all/modules/contrib/entity/includes/entity.controller.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_title is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_full_width is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_margin_bottom is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_margin_top is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_social_links is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$rdf_mapping is deprecated in rdf_entity_load() (line 412 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/rdf/rdf.module).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$_field_view_prepared is deprecated in field_attach_prepare_view() (line 1154 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$entity_view_prepared is deprecated in entity_prepare_view() (line 8296 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/includes/common.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$content is deprecated in EntityAPIController->buildContent() (line 587 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/sites/all/modules/contrib/entity/includes/entity.controller.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$bundle is deprecated in EntityAPIController->load() (line 256 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/sites/all/modules/contrib/entity/includes/entity.controller.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_font_awesome_class is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_link is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$rdf_mapping is deprecated in rdf_entity_load() (line 412 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/rdf/rdf.module).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$_field_view_prepared is deprecated in field_attach_prepare_view() (line 1154 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$entity_view_prepared is deprecated in entity_prepare_view() (line 8296 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/includes/common.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$content is deprecated in EntityAPIController->buildContent() (line 587 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/sites/all/modules/contrib/entity/includes/entity.controller.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$bundle is deprecated in EntityAPIController->load() (line 256 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/sites/all/modules/contrib/entity/includes/entity.controller.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_font_awesome_class is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_link is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$rdf_mapping is deprecated in rdf_entity_load() (line 412 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/rdf/rdf.module).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$_field_view_prepared is deprecated in field_attach_prepare_view() (line 1154 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$entity_view_prepared is deprecated in entity_prepare_view() (line 8296 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/includes/common.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$content is deprecated in EntityAPIController->buildContent() (line 587 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/sites/all/modules/contrib/entity/includes/entity.controller.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$bundle is deprecated in EntityAPIController->load() (line 256 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/sites/all/modules/contrib/entity/includes/entity.controller.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_font_awesome_class is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_link is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$rdf_mapping is deprecated in rdf_entity_load() (line 412 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/rdf/rdf.module).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$_field_view_prepared is deprecated in field_attach_prepare_view() (line 1154 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$entity_view_prepared is deprecated in entity_prepare_view() (line 8296 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/includes/common.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$content is deprecated in EntityAPIController->buildContent() (line 587 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/sites/all/modules/contrib/entity/includes/entity.controller.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$bundle is deprecated in EntityAPIController->load() (line 256 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/sites/all/modules/contrib/entity/includes/entity.controller.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_font_awesome_class is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_link is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$rdf_mapping is deprecated in rdf_entity_load() (line 412 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/rdf/rdf.module).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$_field_view_prepared is deprecated in field_attach_prepare_view() (line 1154 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$entity_view_prepared is deprecated in entity_prepare_view() (line 8296 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/includes/common.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$content is deprecated in EntityAPIController->buildContent() (line 587 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/sites/all/modules/contrib/entity/includes/entity.controller.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$bundle is deprecated in EntityAPIController->load() (line 256 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/sites/all/modules/contrib/entity/includes/entity.controller.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_font_awesome_class is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_link is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$rdf_mapping is deprecated in rdf_entity_load() (line 412 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/rdf/rdf.module).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$_field_view_prepared is deprecated in field_attach_prepare_view() (line 1154 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$entity_view_prepared is deprecated in entity_prepare_view() (line 8296 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/includes/common.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$content is deprecated in EntityAPIController->buildContent() (line 587 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/sites/all/modules/contrib/entity/includes/entity.controller.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$bundle is deprecated in EntityAPIController->load() (line 256 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/sites/all/modules/contrib/entity/includes/entity.controller.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_font_awesome_class is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_link is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$rdf_mapping is deprecated in rdf_entity_load() (line 412 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/rdf/rdf.module).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$_field_view_prepared is deprecated in field_attach_prepare_view() (line 1154 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$entity_view_prepared is deprecated in entity_prepare_view() (line 8296 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/includes/common.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$content is deprecated in EntityAPIController->buildContent() (line 587 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/sites/all/modules/contrib/entity/includes/entity.controller.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$bundle is deprecated in EntityAPIController->load() (line 256 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/sites/all/modules/contrib/entity/includes/entity.controller.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_content is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_title is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_margin_bottom is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_margin_top is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_widget_width is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_enable_widget_bg_color is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_title_text_colour is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_widget_background_colour is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_wysiwyg_style is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$field_enforce_acc_bg_color is deprecated in field_attach_load() (line 661 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$rdf_mapping is deprecated in rdf_entity_load() (line 412 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/rdf/rdf.module).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$_field_view_prepared is deprecated in field_attach_prepare_view() (line 1154 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/modules/field/field.attach.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$entity_view_prepared is deprecated in entity_prepare_view() (line 8296 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/includes/common.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property ParagraphsItemEntity::$content is deprecated in EntityAPIController->buildContent() (line 587 of /mnt/www/html/oxforddev/docroot/sites/all/modules/contrib/entity/includes/entity.controller.inc).
image of pandemic ethics book cover

Oxford University Press

Pandemic Ethics: From COVID-19 to Disease X

Edited by Julian Savulescu and Dominic Wilkinson

The COVID-19 pandemic is a defining event of the 21st century. It has taken over eighteen million lives, closed national borders, put whole populations into quarantine and devastated economies.

Yet while COVID-19 is catastrophic, it is not unique. Children who have been home-schooled during COVID-19 will almost certainly face another pandemic in their lifetime - one at least as bad-and potentially much worse-than this one. The WHO has referred to such a future (currently unknown) pathogen as “Disease X”.

The defining feature of a pandemic is its scale-the simultaneous threat to millions or even billions of lives. That scale leads to unavoidable ethical dilemmas since the lives and livelihood of all cannot be protected.

But since one of the most powerful ways of arresting the spread of a pandemic is to reduce contact between people, pandemic ethics also challenges some of our most widely accepted ethical beliefs about individual liberty and autonomy.

Finally, pandemic ethics brings vividly to the foreground debates about the structure of society, inequalities, disadvantage and our global responsibilities.

 

In this timely and vital collection, Dominic Wilkinson and Julian Savulescu bring together a global team of leading philosophers, lawyers, economists, and bioethicists. The book reviews the COVID-19 pandemic to ask not only 'did our societies make the right ethical choices?', but also 'what lessons must we learn before Disease X arrives?'

Published by Oxford University Press, 1 May 2023

Key Features

Covers key ethical debates that arose during the COVID-19 pandemic

Includes contrasting perspectives from international experts in philosophy, ethics and economics

Identifies key lessons and suggestions for future pandemics

Links

OUP webpage

Amazon